Disabled girl handcuffed by Sussex Police, IPCC finds

An 11-year-old girl with a neurological disability was handcuffed and restrained with a mesh hood and leg straps while being held in custody, the police watchdog found.

Her mother described it as "degrading and barbaric" treatment.

The child was arrested by Sussex Police for minor offences and held for 60 hours without an appropriate adult.

The watchdog said a number of officers and staff had a case to answer for misconduct.

Officers were found to have used a mesh anti-spit hood [bag with a mesh placed over the head] on the child.

Her mother, known as Ms H,told 5live Breakfast: "The use of spit-hoods shouldn't be used on children - end of story, and sadly not on disabled children who aren't in control of their actions.

"It's degrading, it's actually barbaric and when I saw her with one on it was horrific.

"I will never ever get the image out of my mind. There's just absolutely no excuse for spit-hooding children."

She said the use of spit-hoods on children should be banned.

'Absolutely petrified'

"I can't accept that it will ever be appropriate for the police to hood a disabled child, regardless of how they behave," she said.

In a report, the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) said the girl, named Child H, was arrested three times and detained under the Mental Health Act once between 2 February and 2 March 2012.

Her disability had not been diagnosed at the time of the police contact, but her mother had told officers she believed she had an autism spectrum disorder.

Despite this, the IPCC found she was twice held overnight in police cells, without a parent, guardian or social worker present to support her.

Her mother said her daughter's contact with the police "was nothing short of a nightmare for both of us".

Misconduct findings

• A custody sergeant and an inspector, who failed to ensure an appropriate adult was present, have since retired

• The force took "management action" against six custody sergeants found to have failed to ensure an appropriate adult was present

• Another custody sergeant found to have failed to ensure Child H was dealt with quickly was disciplined, along with two police constables who restrained the girl in handcuffs

• No further action was taken against a former front desk enquiry officer, a call handler and a police constable

"At the time her disability meant that she could behave in very challenging ways, but what she needed was patience, respect and the support of her mother," she said.

"Instead she was locked up in a police station without me or anyone else who knew her for support.

"I cannot understand why others thought it was appropriate to put an 11-year-old girl in handcuffs and leg restraints."

Ms H said the actions of the officers left her daughter "emotionally traumatised".

"She was absolutely petrified, terrified beyond belief," she said.

"It sent her into a state of emotional trauma that lasted many, many, many months."

Image copyright PA Image caption The girl was restrained with handcuffs, leg restraints and a mesh anti-spit hood

IPCC recommendations

The watchdog made a number of recommendations after its investigation, including:

• Improved training on the use of force on children and adults with mental illness, to ensure the use of force is avoided wherever possible

• Additional training on detaining vulnerable people and the role of an appropriate adult

• Ensuring officers are accountable for their use of force

On a number of occasions, officers did not record any rationale for their use of force on the youngster, who has "a neurological disability which can cause challenging behaviour", inspectors said.

IPCC Commissioner Jennifer Izekor said: "This was a complex investigation, which found Sussex Police officers failed to respond effectively to the needs of a vulnerable child.

"While it is clear Child H had significant behavioural problems arising from her disability, Sussex Police and, indeed other agencies which were - or should have been - involved, did not appear to have the skills and capacity to respond to her effectively.

"The situation was exacerbated by the lack of understanding of Child H's complex needs."

Ms Izekor added she was pleased the force had engaged with Child H's family to improve any future dealings with her after the IPCC launched its investigation.

Analysis

BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw

This is a highly emotive case which comes just three months after the IPCC warned that people with mental health problems were more likely to die after officers used force against them than those who aren't mentally ill.

In a major report, published in March, the watchdog described the way police used restraint equipment as "troubling".

One item that some constabularies use is a spit hood or spit guard. One was placed over the head of the 11-year-old girl from Sussex.

Although the girl's mother, understandably, and others, would like to see them banned, remember also what it's like to be a police officer on the receiving end of a mouthful of phlegm and spit, with the health risks that can bring.

Some officers regard spitting - which the Police Federation claims occur in 28% of assaults against officers - as worse than being punched in the face.

Sussex Police said it would respond to any "new learning" identified.

The force's temporary Deputy Chief Constable Robin Smith said: "As a chief officer I have a duty to protect officers and the public when we are called on for help, whether the threat comes from a child or someone who is unwell.

"This is very often the case and it was on several occasions that the girl's mother called for our help.

"The application of any type of restraint is considered only when the level of resistance causes concern for the safety of the detained person, the officer and other members of the public."